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The view of Bromo Mountain |
Mount Bromo (Indonesian: Gunung Bromo), is an active volcano and part of the Tengger massif, in East Java, Indonesia. At 2,329 metres (7,641 ft) it is not the highest peak of the massif, but is the most well known. The massif area is one of the most visited tourist attractions in East Java, Indonesia.
The volcano belongs to the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. The name of Bromo derived from Javanese pronunciation of Brahma, the Hindu creator god.
Mount Bromo sits in the middle of a vast plain called the "Sea of Sand" (Javanese: Segara Wedi or Indonesian: Lautan Pasir), a protected nature reserve since 1919. The typical way to visit Mount Bromo is from the nearby mountain village of Cemoro Lawang. From there it is possible to walk to the volcano in about 45 minutes, but it is also possible to take an organised jeep tour, which includes a stop at the viewpoint on Mount Penanjakan (2,770 m or 9,088 ft) .
The best views from Mount Bromo to the Sand Sea below and the surrounding volcanoes are at sunrise. The viewpoint on Mount Penanjakan can also be reached on foot in about two hours. From inside the caldera, sulfur is collected by workers. Depending on the degree of volcanic activity, the Indonesian Centre for Vulcanology and Disaster Hazard Mitigation sometimes issues warnings against visiting Mount Bromo.
On the fourteenth day of the Hindu festival of Yadnya Kasada, the Tenggerese
people of Probolinggo, East Java, travel up the mountain in order to
make offerings of fruit, rice, vegetables, flowers and sacrifices of
livestock to the mountain gods by throwing them into the caldera of the volcano.
The origin of the ritual lies in the 15th century legend where a
princess named Roro Anteng started the principality of Tengger with her
husband, Joko Seger.
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The Hindu Festifal of Yadnya Kasada |
The couple were childless and therefore beseeched
the assistance of the mountain gods. The gods granted them 24 children
but stipulated that the 25th child, named Kesuma, must be thrown into
the volcano as human sacrifice. The gods' request was implemented. The
tradition of throwing sacrifices into the volcano to appease these
ancient deities continues today and called Yadnya Kasada ceremony.
Though fraught with danger, some locals risk climbing down into the
crater in an attempt to recollect the sacrificed goods that believed
could bring them good luck.
On the
Segara Wedi sand plain sits a Hindu temple
called Pura Luhur Poten. The temple holds a significant importance to
the Tenggerese scatter across the mountainous villages such as
Ngadisari, Wonokitri, Ngadas, Argosari, Ranu Prani, Ledok Ombo and
Wonokerso. The temple organized annual Yadnya Kasada ceremony which
lasts for about one month.
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The Pura Luhur Poten |
On the 14th day, the Tenggerese will
congregate at Pura Luhur Poten to ask for blessings from Ida Sang Hyang
Widi Wasa and God of Mahameru (Mount Semeru).
Then the mass will proceed along the crater edges of Mt Bromo where
offerings will be thrown into the crater. The major difference between
this temple with the Balinese ones are the type of stones and building
materials. Pura Luhur Poten uses natural black stones from volcanoes
nearby, while Balinese temples mostly made from red bricks. Inside this
pura, there are several buildings and enclosures aligned in Mandala zone
composition